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Curitiba is a Brazilian city with approximately 1.9 million people and it is the capital of the Paraná state. The urban growth rate was strengthened by the arrival of a lot of European immigrants throughout the nineteenth century: mainly Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Italians, which contributed to the cultural diversity that remains today.

Up until 1960s, public transportation had played a crucial role as major urban transportation. However, since 1970s a sharp rise in the number of personal cars coupled with continuous economic growth had caused severe traffic congestion.

The city of Rio de Janeiro is regularly hit by natural disasters caused by bad weather conditions such as torrential rains, floods, and landslides. In the “favelas”, the poor and steep neighbourhoods of the city, this can often lead to a deadly outcome.

The Rotterdam Climate Change Adaptation Strategy is being developed in the scope of the Rotterdam Climate Initiative, which aims at reducing carbon emissions by 50% and making the city 100% climate proof by 2025.